High Mobility Group Box 1 and Heat Shock Protein-70 Expression Post (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in East Java Green Tea Methanolic Extract Administration During Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Wistar Rats

Abstract Objective: To investigate the expression of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and Heat Shock Protein-70 (HSP-70) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) after (-)- Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in East Java Green Tea (Camelia Sinensis) Methanolic Extract (GTME) administration in vivo. Material and Methods: 28 Wistar rats (Rattus Novergicus) was used and divided into 4 groups accordingly: K- without EGCG and OTM; K+ with OTM, without EGCG for 14 days; T1with OTM for 14 days and EGCG for 7 days; treatment group 2 (T2) with OTM and EGCG for 14 days. OTM animal model was achieved through the installation of the OTM device by means of NiTi close coil spring with 10g force placed between the first incisor and first maxillary molars. The samples were terminated on Day 14. The pre-maxillary was isolated for the immunohistochemical examination. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) then continued with Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) (p<0.05) was performed to analyze the data. Results: The highest HMGB1 and HSP-70 expression were found in the K+ group pressure side, meanwhile the lowest HMGB1 and HSP-70 expression were found in K- group tension side in the alveolar bone. There was a significant decrease of HMGB1 and HSP-70 expression in T2 compared to T1 and K+ with significant between groups (p<0.05; p=0.0001). Conclusion: The decreased expression of HMGB1 and HSP-70 in alveolar bone of OTM wistar rats due to post administration of GTME that consisted EGCG.

Soluble Human Leukocyte Antigen Molecules Detected in Orofacial Cleft Patients: A Case-Control Study

Abstract Objective: To compare soluble HLA-C and HLA-DR molecules present in the plasma of orofacial cleft and non-orofacial cleft populations. Material and Methods: Orofacial cleft patients were recruited using an accidental sampling approach (n=15). Peripheral blood was collected from the participants and processed for Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) against HLA-C and HLA-DR with specific antibodies. The absorbance was calculated utilizing ELISA reader. Data were statistically analyzed using an independent t-test to compare the disease and control groups. Results: The levels of soluble HLA-C and HLA-DR were significantly higher in the diseased group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The role of HLA molecules in non-communicable disease and congenital anomalies, particularly orofacial cleft, remains speculative despite the positive results of this study and those of previous investigations. It suggests that the variables examined may affect specific pathways involved in the pathogenesis of orofacial cleft, and predispose the individuals concerned to the oral cleft.

Effect of Vitamin D during Orthodontic Tooth Movement on Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand Expression and Osteoclast Number in Pregnant Wistar Rat (Rattus novergicus)

Background: Female patients have the possibility tobecome pregnant during orthodontic treatment. VitaminD usually consumed by pregnant women. Estrogen andVitamin D could affect bone metabolism. Aim andObjectives: The aim of this study was to analyze theeffect of vitamin D during orthodontic movement inpregnant rats by Receptor Activator of Nuclear FactorKappa-Β Ligand (RANKL) expression and osteoclastnumber. Material and Methods: The experimentalobservational analytic study with post-test only controlgroup design and simple random sampling method wasconducted. 24-healthy-female Wistar rats were dividedinto 4 groups; K1: pregnant rats with orthodontic toothmovement and vitamin D on Day 7; K2: pregnant ratswith orthodontic tooth movement and vitamin D on Day14; K3: pregnant rats with orthodontic tooth movementwithout vitamin D on Day 7 and; K4: pregnant rats withorthodontic tooth movement without vitamin D on Day214. Nickle-Titanium coil spring with 10 g/mm forcewas placed between the incisors and the maxillarymolars. The RANKL expression and osteoclastsnumber were analyzed using Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) (p<0.05). Results: The highest osteoclastsnumber (8.494 ± 1.194), and RANKLexpression (7.967± 2.185) found in K1 group with significant betweengroups (p<0.05).Conclusions: Vitamin D increaseosteoclast number and RANKL expression duringorthodontic tooth movement in pregnant rats.